Consensus Definitions for Intra-Abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Consensus Definitions for Intra-Abdominal Hypertension and Abdominal Compartment Syndrome
Michael L. Cheatham, MD, FACS, FCCM
Orlando Regional Medical Center
Orlando, Florida, USA
No disclosures to report
1 Cheatham ML. Intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. New Horizons 1999; 7:96-115.
2. Ivatury RR, Porter JM, Simon RJ, Islam S, John R, Stahl WM. Intra-abdominal hypertension after life-threatening penetrating abdominal trauma: Prophylaxis, incidence, and clinical relevance to gastric mucosal pH and abdominal compartment syndrome. J Trauma 1998; 44:1016-1023.
3. Ivatury RR, Diebel L, Porter JM, Simon RJ. Intra-abdominal hypertension and the abdominal compartment syndrome. Surg Clin N Am 1997; 77:783-800.
4. Sugrue M, Buist MD, Hourihan F, Deane S, Bauman A, et al. Prospective study of intra-abdominal hypertension and renal function after laparotomy. Br J Surg 1995; 82:235-238.
5. Bloomfield GL, Ridings PC, Blocher CR, Marmarou A, Sugerman HJ. Effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure upon intracranial and cerebral perfusion pressure before and after volume expansion. J Trauma 1996; 40:936-943.
6. Chang MC, Miller PR, D’Agostino R, Meredith JW. Effects of abdominal decompression on cardiopulmonary function and visceral perfusion in patients with intra-abdominal hypertension. J Trauma 1998; 44:440-445.
7. Cheatham ML, Safcsak K, Block EFJ, Nelson LD. Preload assessment in patients with open abdomens. J Trauma 1999; 46:16-22.
8. Cheatham ML, Safcsak K, Llerena LE, Morrow CE, Block EFJ. Long-term physical, mental, and functional consequences of abdominal decompression. J Trauma 2004; 56:237-242.
9. Malbrain MLNG, Chiumello D, Pelosi P, Wilmer A, Brienza N, et al. Prevalence of intra-abdominal hypertension in critically ill patients: a multicentre epidemiological study. Intensive Care Med 2004; 30:822-829.
10. Cheatham ML, Safcsak K. Intra-abdominal pressure: A revised method for measurement. JACS 1998; 186:594-595.
11. Cheatham ML, White MW, Sagraves SG, Johnson JL, Block EFJ. Abdominal perfusion pressure: A superior parameter in the assessment of intra-abdominal hypertension. J Trauma 2000; 49:621-627.
12. Malbrain MLNG. Abdominal perfusion pressure as prognostic marker in intra-abdominal hypertension. In: Vincent JL (ed) Yearbook of Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp792-814.
13. Balogh Z, McKinley BA, Cocanour CS, Kozar RA, Holcomb JB, et al. Secondary abdominal compartment syndrome is an elusive early complication of traumatic shock resuscitation. Am J Surg 2002; 184:538-544.
Pediatric Trauma Prevention: The Role of the Critical Care Professional
Angela Hsu, MD
Children’s National Medical Center
The George Washington University School of Medicine
Washington, D.C., USA
Anthony D. Slonim, MD, DrPH, FCCM
Children’s National Medical Center
The George Washington University School of Medicine,
Washington, D.C., USA
No disclosures to report
Suggested reading:
U.S. Preventative Services Task Force Guide to Clinical Preventative Services, 2nd Edition, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore, MD 1996.
Wallace RB. Public Health and Preventive Medicine, 14th Edition. McGraw-Hill, New York, 1998.
Gordis L. Epidemiology. WB Saunders Company, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 1996.
Trauma System Design
Marc de Moya, MD
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
Kathryn A. Brush, RN, FCCM, MS, CCRN
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, Massachusetts, USA
1. Mann NC, Mullins RJ, MacKensie EJ, Jurkovich GJ, Mock CN. Systematic Review of Published Evidence regarding trauma system effectiveness. Journal of Trauma 1999; 47(3): S25-33.
2. National Safety Council. Accident Facts: 1997,. Itasca, Ill: National Safety Council; 1997
3. Perdue PW, Watts KK, Kaufmann CR, Trask AL. Differences in mortality between elderly and younger
adult trauma patients: geriatric status increases risk of delayed death. J Trauma 1998; 45(4): 805-810.
4. Mullins RJ. A historical perspective of trauma system development in the United States. J Trauma 1999; 47(3): S8-14.
5. Committee on Trauma, and Committee on Shock, Division of medical Sciences, National Academy of Sciences/National research Council (US). Accidental death and disability: the neglected disease of modern society. Washington: National Academy of Sciences 1966.
6. Cowley RA, Hudson R, Scanlan E, et al. An economical and proved helicopter program for transporting the emergency critically ill and injured patient in Maryland. J Trauma 1973; 13: 1029-1038.
7. Waters JM, Wells CH. The effects of a modern emergency medical care system in reducing automobile crash deaths. J Trauma 1973; 13: 645-647.
8. Boyd DR, Dunea MM, Flashner BA. The Illinois plan for a statewide system of trauma centers. J Trauma 1973; 13: 24-31.
9. Boyd DR, A symposium on the Illinois Trauma Program; a systems approach to the care of the critically injured. J Trauma 1973; 13: 275-284.
10. Mullner R, Goldberg J. Toward an outcome-oriented medical geography: an evaluation of the Illinois trauma/emergency medical services system. Social Science Medicine 1978; 12: 103-110.
11. Committee on Trauma, American College of Surgeons. Optimal hospital resources for care of the seriously injured. Bulletin American College of Surgery 1976; 61: 15-22.
12. Committee on Trauma Research. Injury in America. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1985.
13. Nathens AB, Jurkovich GJ, Rivara FP, Maier RV. Effectiveness of state trauma systems in reducing injury-related mortality: a national evaluation. J Trauma 2000; 48(1): 25-31.
14. 2002 National assessment of state trauma system development, emergency medical services resources, and disaster readiness for mass casualty events. Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
15. Rogers FB, Madsen L, Shackford S, Crookes B, Charash W, Morrow P, Osler T, Jawa R, Jill RA, Igneri P. A Needs Assessment for Regionalization of Trauma Care in a Rural State. American Surgeon 2005; 71(8): 690-693.
Pharmacologic Management of Traumatic Brain Injury Patients: A Focus on Osmotic Therapy
Gretchen M. Brophy,
PharmD, BCPS, FCCP, FCCM
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, Virginia, USA
Jason Trimble, PharmD
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, Virginia, USA
Jason Hoffman, PharmD
Virginia Commonwealth University
Richmond, Virginia, USA
No disclosures to report
1. The Brain Trauma Foundation. The American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The Joint Section on Neurotrauma and Critical Care. Use of Mannitol. J Neurotrauma. 2000;17:521-525.
2. Vincent JL, Berre J. Primer on medical management of severe brain injury. Crit Care Med. 2005;33:1392-99.
3. Zink EK, McQuillan K. Managing traumatic brain injury. Nursing. 2005;35:36-43.
4. Alvarez B, Ferrer-Sueta G, Radi R. Slowing of peroxynitrite decomposition in the presence of mannitol and ethanol. Free Radic boil Med 1998;24:1331-1337.
5. Korenkov AI, Pahnke J, Frei K, Warzok R, Schroeder HW, Frick R. et al. Treatment with nimodipine or mannitol reduces programmed cell death and infarct size following focal cerebral ischemia. Neurosurg Rev 2000;23:145-150.
6. Kaufmann AM, Cardoso ER. Aggravation of vasogenic cerebral edema by multiple-dose mannitol. J Neurosurg 1992;77:584-589.
7. Diringer MN, Zazulia AR. Osmotic therapy: fact or fiction. Neurocrit Care 2004;1:219-233.
8. Suarez J, Qureshi A, Bhardwaj A, et al. Treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension with 23.4% saline. Crit Care Med 1998;26:1118-1122.
9. Qureshi A, Suarez J, Bhardwaj A, et al. Use of hypertonic (3%) saline/acetate infusion in the treatment of cerebral edema: effect on intracranial pressure and lateral displacement of the brain. Crit Care Med 1998;26:440-446.
10. Horn P, Meunch E, Vajkoczy P, et al. Hypertonic saline solution for control of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with exhausted response to mannitol and barbiturates. Neurol Res 1999;21:758-764.
11. Vialet R, Albanese J, Thomachot L, et al. Isovolume hypertonic solutes (sodium chloride or mannitol) in the treatment of refractory posttraumatic intracranial hypertension: 2 mL/kg 7.5% saline is more effective than 2 mL/kg 20% mannitol. Crit Care Med 2003;31:1683-1687.
12. Khanna S, Davis D, Fisher B, et al. Prolonged hypernatremia controls elevated intracranial pressure in pediatric head injury patients [abstract]. Crit Care Med 2000;26:421-422.
13. Simma B, Burger R, Falk M, et al. A prospective, randomized, and controlled study of fluid management in children with severe head injury: lactated Ringer’s solution versus hypertonic saline. Crit Care Med 1998;26:1265-1270.
14. Sheikh A, Matsuoka T, Wisner D. Cerebral effects of resuscitation with hypertonic saline and a new low-sodium hypertonic fluid in hemorrhagic shock and head injury. Crit Care Med 1996;24:1226-1232.
15. Doyle JA, Davis DP, Hoyt D. The use of hypertonic saline in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. J Trauma 2001;50:367-383.
16. Qureshi AI, Suarez JI. Use of hypertonic saline solutions in treatment of cerebral edema and intracranial pressure. Crit Care Med 2000;28:3301-3313.
17. Schwartz S, Schwab S, Bertram M, et al. Effects of hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch solution and mannitol in patients with increased intracranial pressure after stroke. Stroke 1998;29:1550-1555.
18. Battison C, Hons BA, Andrews PJD, Graham C, Petty T. Randomized, controlled trial on the effect of a
20% mannitol solution and a 7.5% saline/6% dextran solution on increased intracranial pressure after brain injury.
19. Vialet R, Albanese J, Thomachot L, et al. Isovolume hypetonic solutes (sodium chloride or mannitol) in the treatment of refractory posttraumatic intracranial hypertension: 2ml/kg 7.5% saline is more effective than 2 ml/kg 20% mannitol. Crit Care Med 2003;31:1683-1687.